Epidemiologi penyakit cholera pdf free

Weekly number of cholera cases and median of estimated tenday precipitation in ghana, 2001202,3 table i. Kolera, epidemiologi, bakteriologi, pengobatan, pencegahan recent developments of cholera infections abstract cholera continues to be an imporant public health problem among many developing countries in africa, asia. Penyakit kolera cholera penyakit kolera cholera adalah penyakit infeksi saluran usus bersifat akut yang disebabkan oleh bakteri vibrio cholerae, bakteri ini masuk kedalam tubuh seseorang melalui makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi. The current cholera outbreak started on 6 may 2010. Epidemi atau penyakit dianggap timbul karena kekuatan supranatural seperti kutukan dewa, gangguan spirit, jalan yang ditetapkan dewa. Cholera is rarely fatal if the lost fluids and electrolytes are adequately replaced.

The disease had a high casefatality ratio that approached 50% in some areas and spread relentlessly in worldwide pandemics from endemic foci. Cholera is an infection caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. The rapid spread of cholera throughout the country highlighted the need for improved water, sanitation, and hygiene as well as basic medical care facilities in haiti. Epidemiological parameters of cholera outbreaks by main affected. The two most distinguishing epidemiologic features of the disease are its tendency to appear in explosive outbreaks and its predisposition to causing pandemics that may progressively. The two most distinguishing epidemiologic features of the disease are its tendency to appear in explosive outbreaks and its. Between epidemiological weeks ew 1 and 14 of 2017, a total of 4,871 suspected cholera cases were reported in haiti. Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, containing one. Although approximately 200 recognized o serogroups have been identified, only serogroups o1 and o9 strains are known to cause severe disease and cholera pandemics.

Epidemiologi penyakit diare the indonesian public health portal. Cholera can cause death from dehydration the loss of water and salts from the body within hours if not treated. Pearuran tersebut diatas saat ini sedang direvisi dan diharapkan sudah diserahkan kepada world health assembly wha pada tahun 2002. Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium, vibrio cholera. Penyakit tersebut diantaranya hivaids, penyakit menular seksual lainnya, dengue haemoragic fever, japanese b. Cholera page 2of 6 missouri department of health and senior services communicable disease investigation reference manual. Kata epidemiologi digunakan pertama kali pada awal abad kesembilanbelas 1802 oleh seorang dokter spanyol bernama villalba dalam tulisannya. Detektif medis yang mengungkap misteri wabah kolera. V ibrio cholerae o1 has been responsible for several cholera outbreaks in developing countries.

Molecular epidemiology of geographically dispersed vibrio. Konsep dasar epidemiologi vitri widyaningsih outline definisi dan konsep. Gambaran klinis dan epidemiologis penyakit yang disebabkan oleh v cholerae o9 tidak dapat dibedakan dari penyakit yang disebabkan oleh strain o1. Request pdf model pengendalian penyebaran penyakit kolera. Study design and population the study design was a crosssectio. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Kipawa ward was randomly selected to be our study site. Gejala klinis dan kelainan patologi pada babi penderita sangat khasuntuk penyakit tersebut sejak kejadian di kapuk, wabah penyakit telah menyebar ke berbagai pulau di indonesia. From 3 january 2011 through 22 september 2011, a total of 17,121 suspected cholera cases, including 636 deaths cfr. Cholera follows ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium, vibrio cholerae 7. The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but in approximately 5% of infected persons will become severely ill. Of the more than 200 recognized vibrio cholerae serogroups, only cholera toxinproducing o1 and o9 serogroups have caused large epidemics and are defined as causing cholera 4. View komplikasi hipertensi ppts online, safely and virus free. Cholera disease causes a lot of watery diarrhea and vomiting.

Epidemiologi tidak hanya sekedar mempelajari masalahmasalah penyakit penyakit saja, tetapi juga mencakup masalah kesehatan yang sangat luas ditemukan di masyarakat. Vibrio cholerae, with strains that cause cholera, is a motile, gramnegative curved rod belonging to the family vibrionaceae. It is an indicator of socioeconomic problems and is a global threat to public health. Penyakit taun atau kolera juga disebut asiatic cholera adalah penyakit menular di saluran pencernaan yang disebabkan oleh bakterium vibrio cholerae. Penyakit penemuan penyakit secara screening definitions study design measures of. Dr john snow became the acknowledged modern father of epidemiology by identifying water as the transmission vehicle of a cholera outbreak in victorian england. Pulsedfieldgel electrophoresis showed no genetic link among strains. Definisi epidemiologi secara etimologis epidemiologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari faktorfaktor yang berhubungan dengan peristiwa yang banyak terjadi pada rakyat, yakni penyakit dan kematian yang diakibatkannya yang disebut epidemi. The bacteria is typically found in water environments such as freshwater lakes and rivers. Epidemiologi mempelajari semua penyakit, baik penyakit infeksi maupun penyakit non infeksi, seperti kanker, penyakit kekurangan gizi malnutrisi, kecelakaan lalu lintas maupun kecelakaan kerja. Sulawesi 1961 menyebar melalui jalur asia, eropa, afrika dan pasifik selatan. Tetapi bial masalah ini diarahkan khusus untuk cholera eltor, maka pemeriksaan laboratorium sangat menentukan disamping gejala klinis dan analisis epidemiologi. Cholera is an acute, diarrhoeal illness caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae the infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe washing hands with soap and water is the basis of health cholera.

The mortality rate with proper treatment is less than 1% and most patients recover within 3 to 7 days. National surveillance data on the epidemiology of cholera in. Upaya pencegahan penyakit infeksi dilakukan dengan cara memutus transmisi. Infections may be subclinical, mild and selflimiting, or fulminant and severe. Since 1990, there have been large outbreaks in 19951996, 2000, 20032005 and 2011 fig. Epidemiologi penyakit diare the indonesian public health. Classification of the causative agent resistance to. Gejala umumnya berupa diare yang berlangsung berharihari.

Science and health communication presentation about how to prevent cholera. Namun, untuk mencapai usus kecil, organisme harus menegosiasikan mekanisme pertahanan normal. Kemudian, bakteri tersebut mengeluarkan enterotoksin racunnya pada saluran usus. Berdasarkan pergeseran paradigma epidemiologi dari tradisional ke modern dapat dilihat berikut ini. The first suspected cholera cases were reported in the far north region. Free pratique adalah sertifikat izin bebas karantina.

As research into genetic disorders continues apace, the screening for and diagnosis of. Cholera epidemiology and response factsheet mali cholera overview cholera was first reported in mali in 1970. Download penyakit jantung reumatik medical presentation. To more fully understand the epidemiology of cholera in kenya, we analyzed the genetic relationships among 170 vibrio cholerae o1 isolates at 5 loci containing variable tandem repeats. Kedua serogrup menyebabkan penyakit klinis dengan memproduksi enterotoksin yang mempromosikan sekresi cairan dan elektrolit ke dalam lumen usus halus. The isolates were collected during january 2009may 2010 from various geographic areas throughout the country. National surveillance data on the epidemiology of cholera. John snows observations on infection due to vibrio cholerae begins with the. Cholera is usually transmitted to people or animals through contaminated water sources.

Dengan demikian, subjek dan objek epidemiologi berkaitan dengan masalah kesehatan secara. Tujuan utama bidang untuk memahami etiologi genetika penyakit dalam hal prediksi dan mendesain intervensi strategis ellsworth, d. Kejadian luar biasa klb tugas dasar epidemiologi sasmita d. Second cholera pandemic cholera new york 1830s john snow john snow is credited by many with developing the modern field of epidemiology epidemiologi kolera telah menyebar hampir ke seluruh dunia. Bab i pendahuluan latar belakang sejarah menunjukkan bahwa epidemiologi merupakan ilmu yang dikenal sejak zaman dahulu bahkan berkembang bersamaan dengan ilmu kedokteran karena kedua disiplin ilmu ini berkaitan satu dengan yang lain. Strategi pengendalian penyakit hog cholera pada ternak. Virus hog cholera termasuk genus pestivirus yang termasuk dalam family flavivirdae, berbentuk bundar dengan diameter berkisar antara 4050 nm, mempunyai nucleocapsid berbentuk hexagonal berukuran. Klasifikasi, penyebab, dan cara penularan diare salah satu penyakit menular yang terkait erat dengan sanitasi lingkungan, khususnya pada akses pada jamban dan air bersih adalah penyakit diare. Read more about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, causes and prognosis. Massive loss of fluids is caused by the release of. Pada tahun 2011 telah dilakukan vaksinasi hog cholera sebanyak 16.

Study design and population the study design was a crosssectional study. Epidemiologi adalah studi tentang distribusi dan determinan frekuensi penyakit pada manusia macmahon dan pugh 1970. It accounts for an estimated 35 million cases and over 100,000 deaths each year around the world. Epidemiologi penyakit infeksi menggunakan teori kuman germ theory. Dispatches vibrio cholerae nono1, nono9 serogroups and. Global experience with cholera suggests that the epidemic in haiti could last for years. A total of 10 759 suspected cases, including 657 deaths cfr, 6. Upaya pencegahan penyakit meramalkan terjadinya penyakit, dan menemukan strategi yang. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect.

Kolera merupakan penyakit diare akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi usus akibat. Cholera is an acute infection of the intestine with the bacterium vibrio cholera, which causes severe diarrhea. The service includes the response office and the epidemiological surveillance and research office. Three laboratories participate in the biological surveillance of cholera in cameroon. Improving haitis water and sanitation infrastructure is critical to achieving the same profound health gains brought by improved water and sanitation infrastructure in latin america and around the world 1, 2. Banyak kejadian luar biasa klb terjadi karena penyakit diare, sehingga penyakit ini menjadi. Between epidemiological weeks ew 1 and 14 of 2017, a total of 4,871 suspected cholera cases were reported in haiti, including 69 deaths. Penyakit penyakit yang wajib dilaporkan sesuai dengan international health regulations ihr 1969, edisi ke3 beranotasi tahun 1983, who, geneva. Main symptoms are painless watery diarrhea and vomiting, which lead to isotonic dehydration if untreated.

Pengukuran frekuensi penyakit berkaitan dengan kuantifikasi kejadian penyakit dalam sub kelompok termasuk dalam komponen distribusi. Level 3 accessible pdf file this pdf file has been produced by the open university as part of its work to make course material as accessible as. Statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa wabah kolera umumnya meledak pada musim. Penularan dan penyebaran kolera terjadi karena kontaminasi. Epi meansamong, upon,epi meansamong, upon, demos means study population or people anddemos. Kolera merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang perlu dipantau terus.

Penyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian dan kesakitan masa anakanak di negara berkembang. Benarkah tak ada kasus kolera di indonesia atau tersamarkan. Cholera prevention and control centers for disease. Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, containing one serotype divided into three major genotypes, including numerous subgenotypes. The disease had a high casefatality ratio that approached 50% in some areas and spread relentlessly in worldwide pandemics from. Model pengendalian penyebaran penyakit kolera menggunakan. Meskipun transfer biasanya berumur pendek, beberapa individu mungkin mengeluarkan organisme untuk waktu yang lama. In addition, there have been repeated introductions of v.

Severe fluid loss can be seen in more serious cases. Organisasi kesehatan panamerika memperkirakan sampai juni. Despite seasonal cholera outbreaks in bangladesh, little is known about the relation. June 14, 2017 cardrunners flopzilla poker software june 10, 2017 most popular makalah epidemiologi gizi. Cholera is a severe intestinal disease caused by the bacteria, vibrio cholerae vibreeo collarah.

National institute of cholera and enteric diseases niced annual report 20032004. Numerous outbreaks of cholera have occurred in kenya since 1971. Bahkan penyakit diare seakan menjadi identik dengan negara berkembang, dengan kemiskinan, dengan slum area. Daerah yang pertama terindikasi penyakit kolera adalah daerah di sepanjang pantai. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Between 2003 and 20, epidemiological surveillance reported 8,094 cases with 521 fatalities high case fatality rate. Classification of the causative agent resistance to physical and. Epidemiological update cholera 4 may 2017 haiti reliefweb. Epidemiologi genetika yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan untuk menyebarkan penyakit pada anggota keluarga dalam suatu populasi. Weraman 2010 mengemukakan cara diagnosis penyakit pada klb adalah dengan mencocokkan gejala atau tanda penyakit yang terjadi pada individu. Yearly number of cholera cases and case fatality rate cfr in ghana, 1199020 figure 2. Sistem surveilans epidemiologi penyakit menular dan penyakit tidak menular terpadu.

In untreated cases, the case fatality rate is greater than 50%. Serangan v cholerae 01 tidak menyebabkan kekebalan terhadap v cholerae 09. Cumulative incidence of cholera by commune in ghana, 1998202 figure 3. Strategi pengendalian penyakit hog cholera pada ternak babi. Cholera is transmitted by drinking water or eating food, which is. Diperkirakan diare menyebabkan kematian sebanyak 5 juta anak balita per tahun. Brucellosis, epidemiologi, sapi perah, dki jakarta. Teori kuman menjelaskan bahwa penyakit disebabkan oleh agen infeksi sebagai kausa tunggal. Cholera, pathogenicity, cholera toxin ct, toxin coregulatedpilus tcp.

Hal ini berarti bahwa epidemiologi hanya mempelajari penyakit penyakit menular saja tetapi dalam perkembangan selanjutnya epidemiologi juga mempelajari penyakit penyakit non infeksi, sehingga. This ward has a total population of 47,817 people 9. Cholera epidemiology, prevention and control intechopen. Cholera appears abruptly with painless, watery diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting. Pemahaman terhadap epidemi dan penyakit berkembang. Diantaranya masalah keluarga berencana, masalah kesehatan lingkungan, pengadaan tenaga kesehatan, pengadaan sarana kesehatan dan sebagainya. If you have a good penyakit jantung reumatik medical presentation, upload the same on for a worthy audience and credits to download penyakit jantung reumatik powerpoint templates along with other premium content. Garagara sanitasi buruk, wabah kolera melanda hindia belanda. Upaya pencegahan penyakit infeksi dilakukan dengan cara memutus transmisi, meliputi pemberian vaksin, isolasi dengan karantina, isolasi di rumahsakit, dan. Overview1,2 cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o9. These strains lacked the ctxa gene but many had hlya, rtxa, and rtxc genes. Sumber penyebaran utama bakteri kolera adalah air dan makanan yang terkontaminasi bakteri kolera.